我国无缝隙精细化网格天气预报技术进展与挑战   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

金荣花  代刊  赵瑞霞  曹勇  薛峰  刘凑华  赵声蓉  李勇  韦青 《气象》2019,45(4):445-457

本文总结了2014年以来我国无缝隙精细化网格天气预报业务的技术进展,讨论了未来发展所面临的关键技术难点。无缝隙精细化网格预报技术的发展,得益于综合气象观测数据和多源资料融合分析网格实况产品的支撑,更依赖于多尺度数值预报模式和实时快速更新同化预报系统的快速发展。经过近5年的探索和努力,我国已经初步建立了针对不同预报时效的无缝隙精细化网格预报技术体系。对于0～4 h预报时效,主要基于全国雷达拼图和GRAPES-Meso模式预报,发展临近分钟级滚动外推预报技术;对于4 h到30 d预报时效,主要通过对区域或全球不同时空分辨率模式预报进行偏差订正、客观解释应用以及降尺度分析,提高预报的准确度和精细度。与此同时,研发了自动化、智能化的交互式预报制作平台,以满足客观高效制作与预报员对极端或高影响天气主观预报优势相结合的需求。发展了以格点实况分析场为参照的空间分析检验方法,初步实现了对高分辨率网格预报的质量跟踪和性能评估。未来的网格预报技术体系,需要吸纳前沿的技术研究成果,包括人工智能应用技术、高级多模式统计后处理技术和协调一致性关键技术等,并且建立统一完整的技术架构和开发标准等。  相似文献   

区块链技术在教育领域的应用现状与展望     

黄达明 《南京气象学院学报》2019,11(5):541-550

区块链本质上的去中心化和安全特性,使得其很适合于解决目前教育领域面临的困难.本文首先介绍了区块链的基本技术原理,包括区块的结构和区块链的构成、区块链技术平台的体系结构、区块链的分类、共识算法、智能合约.接着分析了目前教育领域发展的终身教育和跨地区教育的新形势,以及传统数字化教育系统面临的主要问题.然后从教育相关信息的多方共享和验证、学习过程跟踪、激励和学习路径塑造、学习评估、教育管理与决策辅助等几个方面对区块链技术在教育领域的应用现状进行了介绍和分析.最后总结了目前区块链技术应用到教育领域的主要问题,并展望了未来的发展方向.  相似文献   

Climate change and the agricultural sector in Ireland: examining farmer awareness and willingness to adopt new advisory mitigation tools     

Domna Tzemi  James Breen 《Climate Policy》2019,19(5):611-622

Agriculture is responsible for the bulk of Ireland’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the potential to mitigate some of these emissions through the adoption of more efficient farm management practices may be hampered by farmers’ awareness and attitude towards climate change and agriculture’s role in contributing to GHG emissions. This paper presents results from a survey of 746 Irish farmers in 2014, with a view to understanding farmers’ awareness of, and attitudes to, climate change and GHG emissions. Survey results show that there was a general uncertainty towards a number of questions related to agricultural GHG emissions, e.g. if tilling of land causes GHG emissions, and that farmers were reluctant to take action to reduce GHG emissions on their farm. To further explore farmers’ attitudes towards climate change, a multinomial logit model was used to examine the socio-economic factors that affect farmers’ willingness to adopt an advisory tool that would show the potential reduction in GHG emissions from the adoption of new technologies. Results show that farmers’ awareness of human-induced global climate change was positively related to the tool’s adoption.

Key policy insights

• Irish farmers are generally not sufficiently aware of the impact of their activities on climate change.

• A quarter of farmers believed that climate change will only impact on their business in the long-term; such an attitude may lead to a reluctance amongst these farmers to adopt management practices that reduce GHG emissions.

• Awareness of climate change affects positively the adoption of new tools to reduce GHG emissions on farmers’ farms.

• IT literacy affects willingness to adopt new tools to address GHG emissions.

• Reception of agri-environmental advice can have a positive influence on farmers’ willingness to adopt new GHG emission abatement tools.

• Farmers in receipt of environmental subsidies are more likely to adopt new abatement tools, either because they are more environmentally conscious or because the subsidy raised their environmentally consciousness.

• Willingness to adopt differs between different farm enterprises; operating dairy enterprise increases the willingness to adopt new advisory mitigation tools.

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天然气水合物地层相变微胶囊固井水泥浆研究     

吴祖锐  郑明明  颜诗纯  周珂锐  张亚伟 《地质论评》2023,69(Z1):500-502

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同波束干涉测量在月面相对定位中的应用     

黄岸毅  谢鑫  张智斌  李恒年 《测绘学报》2015,44(9):973-979

基于同波束干涉测量原理和观测模型,针对月面目标特性,推导了给定着陆器先验位置的差分时延、差分时延率观测方程。引入指定高程约束、月球数字地形模型等约束方程,提出巡视器相对位置确定的卡尔曼滤波算法。通过仿真数据进行了验证和评估,表明该算法可快速、较高精度地确定月面巡视器相对着陆器的位置。  相似文献   

三维激光扫描技术点云数据采集与配准研究     

张亚  山锋  王涛 《地理空间信息》2021,19(3):24-27

点云数据采集与配准的精度决定了建筑物三维建模的精度。围绕建筑物点云数据采集与配准的精度问题,分别采用基于标靶的模式、基于形状匹配的模式和基于测站后视的模式进行建筑物表面点云数据的采集与配准处理,并从配准精度、特征点、特征边3个方面进行了对比分析。结果表明,基于形状匹配的模式的精度较低,其他两种模式克服了"同名点"的问题,在配准精度上有明显优势;而在数据采集与配准整体效率方面,基于测站后视的模式优于其他两种模式。  相似文献   

LiDAR虚拟仿真实践教学平台设计与建设     

阎跃观  郭俊廷  戴华阳  李明  陈中章 《北京测绘》2021,35(1):131-136

为适应测绘工作从三维空间测量向多维空间、从静态测量向动态实时测量、从地面向全域空间拓展的高新技术发展趋势,更好地应对信息化教育背景下的知识获取和传授方式、教与学关系等教改创新要求。本实验教学项目在现有实训课程基础上,以建构筑物三维空间信息快速采集与建模的真实测绘项目为基础,将三维激光测量技术、虚拟仿真技术与LiDAR技术进行深度融合;设计并建设了LiDAR虚拟仿真实践教学平台,运用C#开发程序界面和Pr视频编辑软件制作仿真动画,结合VLCPlayer视频播放插件,实现了对LiDAR仪器认知,测量模拟,数据处理和实践展示等功能,帮助学生理解并掌握LiDAR的相关知识和操作技能,取得了良好的教学效果。  相似文献   

Highlights of Recent Scientific Earthquake Hazard Mitigation     

PENG Fei 《中国地震研究》2019,33(1):164-170

Earthquakes are a serious natural disaster faced by countries all over the world. Research on earthquake hazard mitigation are important parts of earthquake science and is a feature of China''s development of earthquake science. In recent years, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of the People''s Republic of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) have attached great importance to basic research on earthquake hazard mitigation, and new opportunities and challenges have emerged. This paper collects the applications and approvals of the National Key R&D Program and the NSFC projects undertaken by the research institutes of the CEA system in recent years. The CEA system has received funding in the 13th “Five-year Plan” for “Monitoring, Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster”. The implementation of these projects is expected to provide support for the basic science and applied research of the CEA system. In the NSFC, the number of applications from the CEA system is relatively stable, and the funding rate is slightly higher than the average for the department of earth science. Although no detailed statistical analysis has been performed, the CEA system still has room for improvement in the application of talent and major programs. I hope that the brief review of new opportunities that have arose in recent years described in this article can provide some background and new thinking for future challenges.  相似文献   

基于微型无人机摄影技术的微构造信息提取研究——以博-阿断裂乌苏通沟东岸为例     

马建  黄帅堂  吴国栋 《中国地震》2019,35(3):550-557

利用微型无人机摄影测量技术,获取了博-阿断裂在乌苏通沟东岸的高精度地形、地貌数据,解译DEM数据,并结合野外调查工作,明确了断裂在乌苏通沟东岸冲洪积扇上19.3～31.1m的水平位错。分析获取的陡坎剖面,且对比陡坎两侧地貌的剥蚀程度,认为陡坎形成后受到后期水流的侵蚀,部分陡坎的高度在一定程度上被放大,断裂的实际垂直位错在0.7m左右。通过实例展示了无人机摄影技术在活动构造研究中的巨大潜力以及在微构造信息提取中的独特优势。  相似文献   

应用Hydrolight模式研究含油水体辐射传输特性的关键技术          下载免费PDF全文

黄妙芬  骆蔚健  刘杨  邢旭峰  庄炀 《海洋技术学报》2019,38(3):7-14

辐射传输模式Hydrolight在国际水色遥感研究领域已被广泛用于解决水体光学的各种问题,也是进行石油类污染水体辐射传输特性研究的有效模型。结合Hydrolight模式的机理、应用现状及含油水体的特点,提出了将该模式应用于光学特性复杂的石油污染水体辐射传输特性研究时需要解决的关键技术,包括测定石油污染水体吸收系数和散射系数、建立石油污染吸收和散射特性随波长和深度变化的参数化模型、确定油物质的吸附后悬浮颗粒物体散射函数模型等方面。依据2018年8月和2016年8月分别在辽宁大连港和辽宁盘锦辽河油田等区域测定的含油水体数据,讨论了这些关键技术的解决方案。  相似文献